美国环保署根据毒性数据,采用五级或三级毒性分类标准对农药进行分类,分别针对陆生和水生生物,将其生态毒性按以下标准归入不同类别:
1 陆生-鸟类:5级分类
toxicity category |
avian: acute oral concentration (mg/kg-bw) |
avian: dietary concentration (mg/kg-diet) |
very highly toxic |
<10 |
<50 |
highly toxic |
10~50 |
50~500 |
moderately toxic |
51~500 |
501~1000 |
slightly toxic |
501~2,000 |
1,001~5,000 |
practically nontoxic |
>2,000 |
>5,000 |
2 陆生-野生哺乳类:5级分类
toxicity category |
wild mammals: acute oral concentration(mg/kg bw) |
very highly toxic |
<10 |
highly toxic |
10~50 |
moderately toxic |
51~500 |
slightly toxic |
501~2000 |
practically nontoxic |
>2,000 |
3 陆生-非靶标昆虫:3级分类
toxicity category |
non-target insects: acute concentration(µg/bee) |
very highly toxic |
|
highly toxic |
<2 |
moderately toxic |
2~11 |
slightly toxic |
|
practically nontoxic |
>11 |
4 水生:5级分类
toxicity category |
aquatic organisms: acute concentration(mg/l) |
very highly toxic |
<0.1 |
highly toxic |
0.1~1 |
moderately toxic |
>1~10 |
slightly toxic |
>10~100 |
practically nontoxic |
>100 |
(资料来源:https://www.epa.gov/pesticide-science-and-assessing-pesticide-risks/technical-overview-ecological-risk-assessment-0)
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